Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management

Authors:

  1. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
  2. Department of Hygiene and Public Health Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Rome Italy
  3. The Society to Improve Diagnosis in Medicine.
  4. Italian Network for Safety in Healthcare

Implementing safety practices in healthcare saves lives and improves the quality of care: it is therefore vital to apply good clinical practices, such as the WHO surgical checklist, to adopt the most appropriate measures for the prevention of assistance-related risks, and to identify the potential ones using tools such as reporting & learning systems.

The culture of safety in the care environment and of human factors influencing it should be developed from the beginning of medical studies and in the first years of professional practice, in order to have the maximum impact on clinicians’ and nurses’ behavior. Medical errors tend to vary with the level of proficiency and experience, and this must be taken into account in adverse events prevention. Human factors assume a decisive importance in resilient organizations, and an understanding of risk control and containment is fundamental for all medical and surgical specialties.  

This open access book offers recommendations and examples of how to improve patient safety by changing practices, introducing organizational and technological innovations, and creating effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care systems, in order to spread the quality and patient safety culture among the new generation of healthcare professionals, and is intended for residents and young professionals in different clinical specialties.

Leading a Culture of-Safety: A Blueprint for Success

American College of Healthcare Executives and Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)/National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF) Lucian Leape Institute

Leading a Culture of Safety: A Blueprint for Success was developed to bridge this gap in knowledge and resources by providing chief executive officers and other health care leaders with a useful tool for assessing and advancing their organization’s culture of safety. This guide can be used to help determine the current state of an organization’s journey, inform dialogue with the board and leadership team, and help leaders set priorities.

The high-level strategies and practical tactics in the guide are divided into two levels:

  • The foundational level provides basic tactics and strategies essential for the implementation of each domain.
  • The sustaining level provides strategies for spreading and embedding a culture of safety throughout the organization.

Safer Together: A National Action Plan to Advance Patient Safety

Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)

Safer Together: A National Action Plan to Advance Patient Safety provides clear direction that health care leaders, delivery organizations, and associations can use to make significant advances toward safer care and reduced harm across the continuum of care. This resource also includes a Self-Assessment Tool & Implementation Resource Guide. Resource also includes case examples on engaging patients and families in safety.

COVID-19 Resources for Hospitals

Patient Safety Movement

  • Activate incident command systems.
  • Ensure there is an adequate supply of PPE, ventilators, and other supplies and equipment.
  • Maintain ethical standards when allocating resources.
  • Have a plan for continued surge.
  • Ensure safe staffing levels.
  • Routinely analyze your facility’s risk.
  • Embrace continuous improvement and a culture of safety.
  • Establish safe discharge practices.
  • Ensure that proper cleaning protocols are implemented.
  • Continuously involve patients, family members, and members of the general public in conversations around improvement. 
  • Create a plan to resume normal operations.
  • Take care of your people, so they can better care for patients.

Guide to Patient and Family Engagement in Hospital Quality and Safety

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Research shows that when patients are engaged in their health care, it can lead to measurable improvements in safety and quality.  To promote stronger engagement, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) developed a guide to help patients, families, and health professionals work together as partners to promote improvements in care. This guide focuses on four primary strategies for promoting patient/family engagement in hospital safety and quality of care:

  • Encourage patients and family members to participate as advisors.
  • Promote better communication among patients, family members, and health care professionals from the point of admission.
  • Implement safe continuity of care by keeping the patient and family informed through nurse bedside change-of-shift reports.
  • Engage patients and families in discharge planning throughout the hospital stay.

CUSP Guide for Reducing Ventilator Associated Events in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

You can redesign your care system through technical and adaptive work to improve patient safety and eliminate preventable harm. Technical work focuses on procedural aspects of care that can be explicitly defined, such as the evidence to support a specific intervention or the definition for a ventilator-associated event (VAE). Adaptive work targets the attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors of the people who deliver care. The five-step CUSP process brings adaptive work into the change process and helps your team improve your unit’s safety culture. By integrating CUSP with technical interventions, your team can achieve real and sustainable improvements in safety.

Providing Language Services to Diverse Populations: Lessons from the Field

Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Office of Minority Health (OMH)

Across the country, health care organizations are using innovative approaches to provide language assistance services to individuals with limited English proficiency. This resource discusses a number of approaches used by these organizations to provide language assistance services to persons with limited English proficiency based on the findings of case studies conducted with a variety of health care organizations.